Abstract

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, despite being preventable and treatable in its early stages. This article explores the epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of cervical cancer, with a focus on its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, primarily high-risk HPV types, is the most significant risk factor. Advances in screening techniques and the widespread use of HPV vaccines have dramatically reduced incidence rates in many regions. However, disparities in healthcare access continue to pose challenges. This comprehensive review highlights the latest developments in cervical cancer management and underscores the importance of continued efforts to improve global health outcomes.