Abstract

Dementia, which is characterized by a decline in thinking and independence in daily tasks, is mostly brought on by Alzheimer's disease (AD), a sickness that results in the degradation of brain cells. The cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses were put up as two key causes of AD, and AD is thought to be a complex illness. The condition is also influenced by a number of risk factors, including as advancing age, hereditary factors, head injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and environmental variables. Only two kinds of medications are now approved to treat AD, cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors and N-methyl d-aspartate antagonists. These medications only work to treat the symptoms of AD; they do not treat the underlying cause of the disease.