Abstract

Allergic diseases represent a diverse group of conditions caused by abnormal immune responses to foreign substances, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, types, and management strategies for various allergic conditions, including drug allergies, food allergies, allergic asthma, seasonal allergies, and animal allergies. We explore the pathophysiology of allergic reactions, highlighting the roles of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and other immune mediators. The review discusses diagnostic approaches, including skin testing, blood tests, and challenge tests, along with the latest advancements in immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Emphasis is placed on preventive measures, lifestyle modifications, and patient education to effectively manage and mitigate the impact of allergic diseases. By understanding the complexities of these conditions, healthcare providers can enhance patient outcomes and improve quality of life for those affected by allergies.