Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It primarily affects children and young adults, necessitating lifelong insulin therapy for glycemic control.The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Type 1 diabetes presents challenges in managing blood glucose levels, as it requires frequent monitoring, insulin administration, and lifestyle adjustments. Complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes include cardiovascular disease, nephropathy,retinopathy, and neuropathy. Recent advancements, such as continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump therapy,have improved diabetes management and quality of life for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Additionally, ongoing research focuses on developing immunomodulatory therapies and potential beta cell regeneration strategies. Early diagnosis, individualized treatment plans, education, and psychosocial support are crucial for optimizing outcomes in type 1 diabetes. Multidisciplinary care involving endocrinologists, diabetes educators, dietitians, and mental health professionals plays a vital role in comprehensive management. This abstract aims to provide an overview of type 1 diabetes, its challenges, current management approaches, and emerging therapeutic prospects to improve the lives of individuals living with this chronic condition.