Abstract

The biggest cause of disease and mortality worldwide is malaria. Improved control methods and a decrease in morbidity and death would outcomes from a swift and accurate diagnosis of malaria. Objective. This study sought to determine the frequency of malaria in high-risk areas of Egypt and the efficiency of quick diagnostic tests in identifying the disease and subsequently controlling it. Methodology. The current study comprised a total of 600 patients of both sexes with various ages. Cases were divided into two groups: the first group, which consisted of 500 cases, was chosen at random from families in the Fayoum Governorate; the second group, which consisted of 100 cases, had malarial symptoms and had been admitted to the Fayoum Fever Hospital. In-depth case histories, clinical examinations,microscopic examinations of thin and thick blood films, and immunological tests to identify plasmodial antigens were all performed on the cases. Rapid diagnostic tests identified a total of 3 positive cases (RDTs). One of these three instances tested positive for the malaria parasite when blood films were examined under a microscope. All of the study's positive cases had a history of visiting regions where malaria is common. RDTs are easy to use and efficient for diagnosing malaria quickly so that control actions can be implemented in various areas. A very sophisticated approach can be used to effectively treat malaria: The complicated life cycle between mosquitoes as the vectors and vertebrates as the hosts allows for the development of Plasmodium parasites in many stages. A potent medication must be active against the liver, blood, and gametocyte stages of the Plasmodium infection in order to completely and effectively eradicate the parasites. In order to accomplish this, we provide here the design, synthesis methods, and characterisation of new hybrid compounds having combined action against Plasmodium liver stages, blood stages, and gametocytes. Access to variously linked primaquine-chloroquine hybrid templates is made possible by the divergent synthesis technique in as few as eight steps.