Abstract

The field of psychiatry has undergone profound transformations since its inception, evolving from ancient practices to modern scientific approaches. This paper provides a historical journey through the evolution of psychiatry, tracing key developments and shifts in understanding mental health disorders. We begin by examining early conceptualizations of mental illness and the treatments employed in ancient and medieval times. The paper then explores significant milestones in the development of psychiatric theory, including the emergence of moral treatment, psychoanalysis, and the advent of psychopharmacology. We also address the impact of sociopolitical changes and advancements in neuroscience on the field. By synthesizing historical perspectives with contemporary practices, this study aims to offer a comprehensive overview of psychiatry’s evolution and reflect on how past developments have shaped current approaches to mental health care.