Abstract

Toxicology is the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the environment. As the world becomes increasingly industrialized and chemically reliant, understanding toxicology is crucial for public health, safety, and environmental protection. This article provides a comprehensive overview of toxicology, including its historical development, fundamental principles, major fields of study, and the methodologies used in toxicological research. Additionally, we discuss the implications of toxicology in various industries, the challenges faced in risk assessment, and future directions for the field. By highlighting case studies and recent advancements, this article aims to enhance awareness of toxicology's significance in safeguarding human health and the environment