Abstract

Seaweed ecosystems are among the most productive and ecologically significant habitats in marine environments. As primary producers in coastal ecosystems, seaweeds play an integral role in supporting biodiversity, improving water quality, and providing a wide array of benefits to marine and human communities. These marine plants, which include red, green, and brown algae, form expansive underwater forests and meadows known for their diverse ecological interactions. Seaweed ecosystems support countless marine species, including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and marine mammals, by providing food, shelter, and breeding grounds. Additionally, seaweed ecosystems offer critical ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, coastal protection, and nutrient cycling. However, like many marine ecosystems, seaweed habitats face numerous threats, including climate change, pollution, and overexploitation. This article explores the biodiversity of seaweed ecosystems, the ecological and economic benefits they provide, the challenges they face, and the ongoing efforts to conserve and restore these vital habitats.