Abstract

Stem cell biology is a rapidly evolving field that explores the unique properties and potential applications of stem cells in development, disease, and regenerative medicine. Stem cells possess the remarkable ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, making them crucial for understanding developmental processes and tissue regeneration. This article provides an overview of the fundamental concepts of stem cell biology, including the types of stem cells-embryonic stem cells, adult (somatic) stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-and their roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. The discussion extends to the advancements in stem cell research, such as the use of stem cells in modeling diseases, drug discovery, and the development of personalized therapies. Challenges in stem cell research, including issues related to ethical considerations, cellular reprogramming, and therapeutic applications, are also addressed. By highlighting current progress and future directions, the article underscores the transformative potential of stem cell biology in advancing medical science and improving patient care.