Abstract

Sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics are frequently used in food-animal diets to ward against sickness and boost animal performance in contemporary animal husbandry. Meanwhile, efforts to find “antibiotic alternatives” have been sparked by worries about the spread of germs that are resistant to antibiotics as a result of improper antibiotic use and a decline in the novelty of antibiotics. It’s still debatable whether the substitutes could actually take the place of antibiotics. This review covers recent advancements and viewpoints on antibiotic substitutes. The workings, applications, and future of alternatives including immune modulating drugs, bacteriophages and their lysis, antimicrobial peptides, pro, pre, and symbiotic, plant extracts, pathogenicity-targeting inhibitors, and feeding enzymes are comprehensively examined. The viability of antibiotic substitutes is then carefully examined. It is difficult to predict that alternatives will take the place of antibiotics in veterinary treatment in the near future. The best and fastest approach to reduce the negative effects of antibiotic abuse and to guarantee the safety of food obtained from animals as well as the environment at this time is through the sensible use of antibiotics and the development of scientific monitoring systems.