Abstract

The vocalization of Francolins (Francolin bicalcaratus) is of critical importance in their niche management and overall ecological role within the rainforest ecosystem of Bangem. However, understanding the factors that influence niche partitioning and resource utilization is crucial for the conservation of avian species within diverse ecosystems. This study investigates the role of vocalization rate in the niche management of francolins (Francolin bicalcaratus) within the rainforest ecosystem of Bangem. The research employed a combination of field observations and acoustic monitoring to collect data on the francolins' presence, behavior, and vocalizations. Systematic surveys were conducted along transects and listening posts to record the birds' activities, while autonomous recording units (ARUs) were used to continuously monitor the sound environment and quantify the frequency and duration of the francolins' vocalizations. The data collected from the field observations and acoustic monitoring were analyzed using statistical modeling techniques. The research team examined the relationship between the francolins' vocalization rate and their niche management strategies, including habitat use, foraging patterns, and resource partitioning. The vocalization rate of francolin birds revealed a significant association on their congregation behavior, X2=85.522 df=4 P=0.000, social behavior X2=32.417 df=6 P=0.000, and climatic changes X2=58.697 df=6 P=0.000 respectively. Vocalizations of Francolins play a crucial role in their congregation and social behavior within the rainforest ecosystem. Also birds’ vocalization rate was significantly linked to anthropogenic activity X2=60.412 df2 P=0.000. The diverse vocalizations of Francolins, encompassing high, moderate, and low pitch frequencies, play a crucial role in their ability to adapt and respond to the presence of various anthropogenic activities, such as crop-farming and hunting trails, within their rainforest habitats. Furthermore, there was an association between birds’ vocalization rate and their foodtypes X2=103.634 df=8 P=0.000. Besides, seasonal changes significantly correlated with birds’ vocalization rate r=0,647 P=0.000. During the breeding season, Francolins utilize high-pitched alarm calls and contact calls to maintain group cohesion and coordinate breeding activities. Nevertheless, results of the study indicate that the vocalization rate of francolins plays a significant role in their niche management within the rainforest ecosystem. The francolins' vocalizations were found to be closely linked to their spatial and temporal distribution, as well as their competition for resources with other avian species. This study provides valuable insights into the behavioral ecology of francolins and highlights the importance of integrating acoustic monitoring techniques with traditional field observations to better understand the complex interactions between avian species and their environment. More so, the findings have important implications for the conservation and management of francolins and other threatened species within the rainforest ecosystems of Cameroon.