Abstract

Trace analysis is a critical component of forensic chemistry, playing a vital role in the identification and characterization of materials involved in criminal investigations. By examining minute quantities of evidence, forensic scientists can uncover crucial information that links suspects to crime scenes or victims. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the techniques used in trace analysis, including chromatography, mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, and microscopy. We also discuss the importance of proper sample collection and handling to maintain the integrity of trace evidence. Furthermore, through various case studies, we illustrate how trace analysis has been instrumental in solving realworld forensic cases. The conclusion emphasizes the ongoing advancements in trace analysis techniques and their implications for the future of forensic science.