Abstract

Oral cancer frequently involves mutations in the TP53 gene, which encodes the p53 protein responsible for regulating cell growth and apoptosis. TP53 mutations impair the protein’s ability to suppress abnormal cell proliferation and facilitate the development of malignancies. This study explores the impact of TP53 gene mutations on the progression and management of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. We review evidence suggesting that genetic testing for TP53 mutations can enhance early detection of oral cancers, identify residual tumor cells post-surgery, and predict the likelihood of tumor response to surgical interventions. By integrating these genetic insights, clinicians may improve diagnostic accuracy, refine surgical strategies, and tailor treatments to individual patient profiles. This approach has the potential to significantly advance oral cancer management, offering more personalized and effective care options.