Abstract

The complement system plays a crucial role in the body’s immune defense, regulating inflammation and facilitating the clearance of pathogens. However, dysregulation of this system can contribute to the pathogenesis of various immunological disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and inflammatory conditions. Overactivation or deficiency in complement components can lead to tissue damage, chronic inflammation, and impaired immune responses. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying complement system dysregulation, highlighting its role in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting complement pathways are discussed, including the development of complement inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. These therapies offer promising potential in mitigating the detrimental effects of complement activation in immunological disorders. Understanding the complement system's involvement in disease pathogenesis is vital for advancing targeted therapeutic approaches to treat these complex immune-mediated conditions.