Abstract

Riparian zones are critical in mediating nutrient transfer from land to sea, serving as natural filters that enhance water quality and mitigate eutrophication. This review examines the mechanisms through which riparian zones function, including nutrient uptake by vegetation, soil filtration processes, and hydrological interactions. By intercepting and processing excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, riparian zones reduce nutrient loading in downstream water bodies. Despite their vital role, these zones face challenges such as land use changes and climate variability, which can impact their effectiveness. The findings underscore the importance of preserving and restoring riparian zones to maintain their ecological functions and support sustainable water management practices.