Abstract

Nuclear energy is a pivotal component of the contemporary energy landscape, offering a low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels in the context of increasing global energy demands and climate change mitigation. This article examines the multifaceted role of nuclear energy, highlighting its significant benefits, such as low greenhouse gas emissions, high energy density, and reliability as a base-load power source. Despite these advantages, the sector faces considerable challenges, including safety concerns, radioactive waste management, high initial costs, and public perception shaped by historical accidents. Technological advancements, particularly in small modular reactors and next-generation designs, hold promise for enhancing the safety and sustainability of nuclear power. As the world shifts toward decarbonization, nuclear energy's future will depend on effective policy frameworks, public acceptance, and its integration with renewable energy sources, making it essential to explore its potential in addressing global energy challenges. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nuclear energy's current state and future prospects in a rapidly evolving energy market.