Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key players in the regulation of immune responses and the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review highlights the diverse roles of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in modulating immune cell functions, inflammatory processes, and disease development. We discuss the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate gene expression, signaling pathways, and immune cell differentiation, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for immune-related disorders. Furthermore, we explore the diagnostic and prognostic implications of ncRNA dysregulation in autoimmune diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, and other immune-mediated disorders. Understanding the intricate network of ncRNA-mediated immune regulation provides novel insights into disease pathogenesis and unveils promising avenues for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.