Abstract

The increasing demand for food production, coupled with the need to preserve environmental sustainability, has accelerated the exploration of innovative agricultural techniques. One such solution is the development of nanofertilizers, which are engineered to enhance nutrient delivery and efficiency in crops. Nanofertilizers, in contrast to traditional fertilizers, utilize nanotechnology to optimize nutrient release, minimize losses, and reduce the overall environmental footprint. This paper examines the current trends in nanofertilizer research, focusing on their role in improving crop yields, reducing environmental contamination, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The incorporation of nanomaterials, such as nanosilica, nanozeolites, and carbon-based nanomaterials, has demonstrated improved nutrient absorption, reduced soil degradation, and increased soil fertility. However, challenges such as toxicity, regulatory concerns, and economic viability remain significant barriers. The future perspectives of nanofertilizers suggest the development of multifunctional products with minimal environmental impact, making them a promising tool in sustainable agriculture. This review highlights their potential and addresses the ongoing challenges.