Abstract

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a prevalent ocular disorder characterized by insufficient tear production or excessive evaporation, leading to discomfort, visual disturbances, and potential damage to the ocular surface. In recent years, the understanding of dry eye has evolved beyond tear volume assessment, highlighting the critical role of inflammation in its pathogenesis. This article reviews the significance of inflammation markers in dry eye diagnosis and management, shedding light on the importance of targeted anti-inflammatory approaches for effective treatment. The recent improvements in comprehending the underlying etiologic factors will inevitably improve future classifications and diagnostic abilities leading to more effective therapeutic options. Treatment of this highly prevalent condition can drastically improve the quality of life of individuals and prevent damage to the ocular surface.