Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health concern characterized by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia. Emerging research suggests that gut microbiota the complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract—plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of T2D. This article explores the mechanisms through which gut microbiota influence glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and overall metabolic health. Furthermore, we discuss potential therapeutic implications, including probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions aimed at modulating gut microbiota to improve T2D outcomes.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; Gut microbiota; Probiotics; prebiotics; Short-chain fatty acids; Insulin sensitivity; Dietary interventions; Fecal microbiota Transplantation; Metabolic health