Abstract

Forests play a crucial role in both climate change mitigation and adaptation, serving as vital ecosystems that sequester carbon, support biodiversity, and regulate local climates. This paper explores the multifaceted contributions of forests to climate resilience, highlighting their capacity to absorb approximately 2.6 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide annually, which is equivalent to one-third of global emissions from fossil fuels. Additionally, forests enhance water regulation, reduce soil erosion, and protect against extreme weather events, thus supporting communities vulnerable to climate impacts. The study further examines the interplay between forest management practices, land-use changes, and socio-economic factors that influence forest health and carbon storage potential. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of integrating indigenous knowledge and sustainable practices in forest management to enhance adaptive capacity. By emphasizing the dual role of forests in mitigation and adaptation strategies, this paper underscores the necessity of preserving and restoring forest ecosystems as a fundamental component of global climate action efforts.