Abstract

The role of drug metabolism is crucial in the field of personalized medicine, offering insights into how individual genetic differences can influence drug efficacy and safety profiles. Personalized medicine aims to tailor therapeutic interventions based on patients' genetic makeup, thus optimizing drug dosing and minimizing adverse effects. Drug metabolism, primarily facilitated by enzymes like cytochrome P450, determines the rate at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated. Variability in these metabolic processes can lead to significant differences in drug response among patients, impacting both therapeutic outcomes and the potential for toxicity. This review explores the mechanisms of drug metabolism and its role in individualized treatment strategies. Emphasis is placed on pharmacogenomics, the identification of genetic polymorphisms, and their influence on enzyme activity. Understanding these factors is essential for the development of safer and more effective pharmacological treatments, advancing the goals of precision medicine.