Abstract

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing proteins that play a critical role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. These enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of a wide range of substances, including pharmaceuticals, environmental toxins, and dietary compounds. The CYP450 system contributes to the biotransformation of drugs, affecting their efficacy, safety, and potential interactions. This article reviews the fundamental roles of CYP450 enzymes in xenobiotic metabolism, highlights their involvement in drug-drug interactions, and discusses the implications for pharmacotherapy. Additionally, the review explores the genetic variability of CYP450 enzymes and its impact on individual responses to medications, emphasizing the importance of personalized medicine in optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Understanding CYP450- mediated metabolism and interactions is crucial for the development of safe and effective pharmacological treatments.