Abstract

Chromatography is one of the most widely used analytical techniques for separating and identifying compounds within a mixture. It has proven to be invaluable in environmental monitoring and pharmaceutical analysis due to its precision, sensitivity, and versatility. In environmental monitoring, chromatography plays a crucial role in detecting pollutants in air, water, soil, and food, providing essential data for assessing environmental contamination. In pharmaceutical analysis, it is used for the quality control and characterization of drug formulations, ensuring that they meet the required standards for safety, efficacy, and purity. This article explores the role of chromatography in these two critical fields, highlighting its applications, challenges, and future directions. The advancements in chromatographic technologies, such as highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and their coupling with mass spectrometry, are also discussed as pivotal to improving the accuracy and efficiency of both environmental and pharmaceutical analyses.