Abstract

The evolving field of precision oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment by tailoring therapies based on the unique molecular profiles of individual tumors. Central to this approach is the identification and utilization of biomarkers molecular indicators that predict disease characteristics, treatment response, and patient outcomes. This abstract delves into the critical role of biomarkers in precision oncology, tracing their journey from discovery through to clinical application. It explores the latest advancements in biomarker research, including next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsies, and novel omics technologies, which have enhanced our ability to detect actionable mutations and other molecular alterations. Furthermore, the abstract discusses the challenges of translating biomarker discoveries into clinical practice, including issues of validation, standardization, and accessibility. By integrating biomarkers into clinical decision-making, precision oncology offers the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy, minimize adverse effects, and ultimately, enhance patient survival. This review underscores the importance of continued research and collaboration in the field, aiming to overcome current limitations and maximize the clinical impact of biomarkers in oncology.