Abstract

Cellular metabolism is intricately regulated by nutrient-sensing pathways that play pivotal roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and adapting to varying environmental conditions. This review explores the fundamental mechanisms through which nutrient-sensing pathways, including mTOR, AMPK, and SIRTuin pathways, orchestrate metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, lipogenesis, and autophagy. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms not only sheds light on basic cellular functions but also holds promise for therapeutic interventions in metabolic disorders and aging-related diseases.