Abstract

Coral reefs, often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea,” are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. These underwater structures, built by colonies of tiny coral polyps, provide shelter, food, and breeding grounds for a vast array of marine organisms. Coral reefs are essential to maintaining the health of marine ecosystems, offering crucial services such as coastal protection, biodiversity support, and carbon sequestration. Despite their ecological significance, coral reefs are increasingly under threat from human activities, including climate change, ocean acidification, overfishing, and pollution. This article explores the vital role of coral reefs in shaping marine ecosystems, the biodiversity they support, the ecological services they provide, the threats they face, and the efforts being made to conserve and protect these invaluable ecosystems.