Abstract

Behavioristic psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a scientific approach to understanding human and animal behavior based on observable and measurable responses to stimuli. Emerging as a dominant school of thought in the early 20th century, behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. This article explores the fundamental principles of behaviorism, including classical and operant conditioning, and examines its practical applications in various domains such as education, therapy, and organizational behavior. The study also discusses the impact of behaviorism on modern psychology and highlights its limitations in addressing cognitive and emotional processes. By evaluating empirical findings and theoretical advancements, this article provides a nuanced understanding of behaviorism’s legacy and its relevance in contemporary psychological research.