Abstract

Objective(s): The present study was designed to provide additional information on the levels of cytokine responses, endothelial injury, and oxidative stress responses during prolonged cigarette smoking using the serum levels of interleukin-1β, IL-10, CRP, liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphates), creatine kinase-MB, troponin T and malondialdehyde (MDA) on prolonged smokers.
Materials and methods: A total of 204 subjects within the ages of 18 and 55 years were randomly studied. Among these were 95 smokers (smoking at least 6 cigarettes per day for more than 6 months) and 109 nonsmoking individuals from Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital Okada Community. Absolute white blood counts were estimated using Sysmex^® Automated Hematology Analyzer whereas; IL-1β, IL-10, CRP, MDA, TT, and CK-MB were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were estimated using auto-analyzer.
Results: The levels of IL-10, CRP, MDA, CK-MB, TT, liver enzymes, SBP and DBP were significantly elevated in the smokers as compared with the non-smoking subjects whereas; the levels of IL-1β, AGC and ALC were significantly reduced in the smokers as compared with the non-smoking subjects.
Conclusion: The levels of IL-1β, AGC and ALC were significantly reduced in prolonged cigarette smokers which is indicative of an inhibitory effect on white blood cells. Prolonged cigarette smoking shift of cytokine responses towards IL-10 pattern which might be a result of an imbalance of the Th1 to Th2 type cytokines. The levels of MDA, CRP, CK-MB, TT and liver enzymes (AST and ALT) could be used as an index to assess the degree of lipid peroxidation in prolonged cigarette smoking.

Keywords: Prolonged cigarette smoking; Interluekin-1β; IL-10; Cytokines; Liver enzymes