Abstract

The deep sea, covering over 60% of the Earth’s surface, remains one of the least explored and understood ecosystems on the planet. This article delves into the dynamics of deep-sea habitats, highlighting their unique characteristics, biodiversity, and ecological processes. It examines the interactions between various species, the role of environmental factors, and the significance of these habitats for global biodiversity and climate regulation. Furthermore, the challenges posed by human activities, such as deep-sea mining and climate change, are discussed in the context of conservation and management strategies. Understanding the complexities of deep-sea ecosystems is crucial for safeguarding these environments and their contributions to the Earth’s health.