Abstract

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) represent a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of people annually and posing a considerable burden on healthcare systems worldwide. These diseases are transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, and fleas, which serve as intermediaries between pathogens and humans or animals. The complexity of VBD transmission dynamics is influenced by various ecological, environmental, social, and biological factors, making them particularly challenging to control and eradicate. Climate change, urbanization, population movement, and land-use changes further exacerbate the spread and intensity of VBDs, creating a pressing need for interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and addressing these diseases. Its provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding VBDs, highlighting key aspects of their epidemiology, transmission mechanisms, vector biology, and control strategies. It explores the diverse range of pathogens involved in VBDs, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths, and examines their interactions with vector species and host populations. Additionally, the abstract discusses the importance of surveillance, early detection, and integrated vector management strategies in mitigating the impact of VBDs on public health.

Furthermore, the abstract emphasizes the critical role of research and innovation in developing novel interventions, vaccines, and vector control tools to combat VBDs effectively. Collaborative efforts between governments, international organizations, academia, and the private sector are essential for strengthening healthcare systems, improving vector surveillance capabilities, and enhancing public awareness and education about VBD prevention and control measures. By addressing the underlying drivers of VBD emergence and transmission, implementing evidence-based interventions, and fostering global cooperation, we can work towards reducing the burden of these diseases and achieving sustainable health outcomes for populations worldwide.