Abstract

Infectious diseases continue to pose significant challenges to global health, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their underlying pathophysiology, advancements in diagnostic techniques, and effective preventive measures. This review provides an integrated analysis of the current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms of major infectious diseases, explores the latest diagnostic innovations, and evaluates preventive strategies. By examining the interplay between these three critical areas, the review aims to highlight gaps in current knowledge and propose future directions for research and practice. Key insights into pathogen-host interactions, diagnostic advancements, and prevention strategies are discussed to offer a holistic perspective on combating infectious diseases.