Abstract

The human gut microbiota, comprising a diverse community of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining host health by influencing both metabolism and immune function. This review explores the intricate relationships between gut microbiota composition and its impact on host physiology. Key mechanisms include microbial metabolism of dietary components, production of bioactive metabolites, modulation of immune responses, and regulation of host energy balance. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota to promote metabolic health and immune homeostasis.