Abstract

Headaches are a prevalent health issue with a significant impact on daily life and productivity. They encompass a variety of types, including primary headaches such as migraines, tension-type headaches, and cluster headaches, as well as secondary headaches resulting from underlying conditions or medication overuse. Migraines, characterized by severe, often unilateral pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensory sensitivity, are particularly debilitating. This review provides a comprehensive overview of headache and migraine disorders, exploring their classification, causes, symptoms, and diagnostic approaches. It also examines current treatment options, including pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and innovative therapies. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions and the development of new therapeutic strategies. Future research directions aim to enhance personalized medicine approaches and improve patient outcomes through targeted treatments and better management strategies.