Abstract

Pain management has traditionally relied on pharmacological and physical interventions, but there is increasing recognition of the role of psychological factors in pain perception and coping. This review explores various psychological interventions used in pain management, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulnessbased stress reduction (MBSR), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), biofeedback, and hypnotherapy. The article discusses the mechanisms, effectiveness, and integration of these interventions in clinical practice, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and future directions for research.