Abstract

Imaging biomarkers have undergone significant evolution from their initial research applications to becoming integral components of clinical practice. This review explores the transformative journey of imaging biomarkers, highlighting key advancements and their impact on patient care. Initially, imaging biomarkers were primarily confined to research settings, where they provided valuable insights into disease mechanisms and treatment effects. However, recent technological advancements and increased validation have facilitated their integration into clinical practice, offering enhanced diagnostic precision, treatment monitoring, and prognostic capabilities. This review examines the progression of imaging biomarkers across various modalities, including MRI, CT, PET, and ultrasound. It discusses the development of quantitative imaging techniques, the role of machine learning and artificial intelligence in analyzing imaging data, and the establishment of standardized protocols for biomarker validation. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges associated with translating research findings into clinical applications, such as issues related to data variability, regulatory approval, and clinical implementation.