Abstract

Forensic nursing, a unique field that bridges nursing practice with the criminal justice system, has undergone significant transformation since its inception. This article explores the evolution of forensic nursing by examining its historical development, current practices, and future directions. Beginning with its early roots in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the field has grown from informal roles in injury documentation to a recognized specialty with structured training and certification. Key milestones include the establishment of the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) program and the formation of professional organizations like the International Association of Forensic Nurses (IAFN). Currently, forensic nurses perform critical functions such as evidence collection, patient assessment, and legal testimony, while facing challenges related to emotional stress, legal complexities, and technological advancements. Future directions for forensic nursing include the integration of advanced technologies, enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration, and a global perspective on diverse cultural and legal contexts. Emphasizing research and evidence-based practice will be crucial for addressing emerging challenges and optimizing the effectiveness of forensic nursing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the field’s trajectory and offers insights into its future development.