Abstract

Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer is a prevalent malignancy with significant global impact. It arises from the abnormal growth of cells in the lining of the stomach and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The development of gastric cancer involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the role of obesity in gastric cancer development. Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, contributes to chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and other metabolic dysregulations, creating a favorable environment for cancer initiation and progression. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate an increased risk of gastric cancer in individuals who are overweight or obese, particularly for the adenocarcinoma subtype. Adipose tissue-derived hormones, chronic inflammation, and disrupted insulin signaling pathways are proposed mechanisms linking obesity to gastric cancer. Furthermore, obesity is often associated with other risk factors such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and unhealthy dietary habits, which further contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Understanding the complex relationship between gastric cancer and obesity is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. Promoting healthy lifestyles, weight management, and regular medical check-ups for early detection are essential in mitigating the burden of gastric cancer and improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying this association and to explore targeted therapies that can attenuate the impact of obesity on gastric cancer development and progression.