Abstract

Mucosal surfaces represent critical interfaces between the external environment and the internal milieu of the body, playing pivotal roles in immune defense, nutrient absorption, and microbial homeostasis. Harnessing these surfaces for therapeutic interventions presents a promising avenue in medicine, offering unique advantages over systemic drug delivery. This review explores current strategies and technologies employed in mucosal drug delivery, highlights recent advancements in understanding mucosal immunology and physiology, and discusses future directions for enhancing therapeutic outcomes through targeted mucosal interventions.