Abstract

Epigenetic modifications, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation, play pivotal roles in gene expression regulation and cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of these epigenetic processes is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Targeting epigenetic modulators with pharmacological agents offers promising therapeutic strategies to restore normal gene expression patterns and mitigate disease progression.

This abstract provides an overview of the complex signaling pathways involved in epigenetic regulation and highlights key pharmacological interventions targeting epigenetic enzymes such as DNMTs, HDACs, and HMTs. These enzymes govern DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and methylation dynamics, influencing chromatin structure and gene accessibility. Pharmacological inhibitors and activators of these enzymes have shown efficacy in preclinical models and clinical trials, demonstrating their potential in reprogramming epigenetic states to treat cancers and other diseases.