Abstract

The nucleus, as the central hub of genetic information, plays a crucial role in controlling genes and regulating gene expression. Recent advancements in imaging techniques have unveiled the dynamic and organized nature of nuclear structure. The nucleus exhibits a three-dimensional scaffold, with distinct functional domains, such as euchromatin and heterochromatin, influencing gene regulation. Nuclear pore complexes facilitate the selective transport of molecules, allowing communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications further modulate gene expression by shaping the accessibility of genes to regulatory proteins. Transcription factors, acting as molecular switches, precisely orchestrate gene expression patterns within the nuclear landscape. Understanding the interplay between nuclear structures and controlling genes provides valuable insights into fundamental biological processes, development, and disease. Further exploration in this field holds promise for unraveling the complexities of gene regulation and its implications for various aspects of life.