Abstract

Chemotherapy remains one of the cornerstone treatments for cancer, often used in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities. This review aims to explore the current landscape of chemotherapy, focusing on the mechanisms of action, types of chemotherapy agents, therapeutic applications, and recent advancements. The paper also discusses the side effects, resistance mechanisms, and strategies for overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, the article highlights the promising future of personalized chemotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and combination therapies. By examining the balance between efficacy and toxicity, the review provides insights into how future innovations may improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of cancer treatment.