Abstract

Stem cell biology has emerged as a groundbreaking field with profound implications for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and our understanding of developmental processes. Stem cells possess the remarkable ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types, making them a promising tool for addressing a wide range of medical conditions. This abstract provides an overview of the key aspects of stem cell biology, highlighting recent advancements and the potential applications in healthcare. The foundation of stem cell biology rests on the classification of stem cells into two main categories: embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells. ESCs, derived from early-stage embryos, have the capacity to give rise to all cell types in the human body. Adult stem cells, on the other hand, are tissue-specific and contribute to the maintenance and repair of various organs and tissues throughout an individual's life. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has further expanded the field, allowing for the reprogramming of differentiated cells into a pluripotent state, offering a limitless source of patient-specific cells for regenerative therapies.