Abstract

Spectroscopic probes serve as invaluable tools for investigating the structure, dynamics, and interactions of molecules in diverse biological, chemical, and materials science applications. This article provides an overview of spectroscopic probes, highlighting their principles, methodologies, and applications in elucidating molecular phenomena at the atomic and molecular levels. From fluorescence spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, spectroscopic probes offer unique insights into molecular structure-function relationships, enabling advancements in drug discovery, materials science, and biophysics.