Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a complex chronic disease with significant disparities in prevalence, management, and outcomes across populations. Social determinants of health (SDOH) play a critical role in shaping these disparities, influencing individuals' access to healthcare, resources, and opportunities for health promotion and disease prevention. This comprehensive article explores the impact of social determinants on diabetes disparities, examining the underlying factors contributing to disparities in diabetes prevalence, incidence, complications, and outcomes. Through an interdisciplinary lens, we examine the role of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, education, employment, food insecurity, neighborhood environment, and healthcare access in shaping diabetes disparities. Furthermore, we discuss strategies for addressing social determinants and reducing diabetes disparities through policy, community-based interventions, and health system reforms