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Hindi Research Article
Skin Reactions Associated to Phenytoin Administration: Multifactorial Cause
| Marta Vázquez1*, Pietro Fagiolino1, Silvana Alvariza1,2, Manuel Ibarra1, Cecilia Maldonado1, Raquel González2, Amalia Laborde2, Manuel Uria3,Antonella Carozzi3 and Carlos Azambuja3 | |
| 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Uruguay | |
| 2Toxicology Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Uruguay | |
| 3Genia - Genetics Molecular Laboratory, Uruguay | |
| Corresponding Author : | Prof. Marta Vázquez Head of the Biopharmacy and Therapeutics Area of the Pharmaceutical Sciences Department Faculty of Chemistry, Avenida General Flores 2124 P.O. Box 1157, 11800 Montevideo,Uruguay Tel: 598-2-2097899 (int 215) E-mail: mvazquez@fq.edu.uy |
| Received November 08, 2012; Accepted December 17, 2012; Published December 19, 2012 | |
| Citation: Vázquez M, Fagiolino P, Alvariza S, Ibarra M, Maldonado C, et al. (2014) Skin Reactions Associated to Phenytoin Administration: Multifactorial Cause. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 3:125. doi:10.4172/2167-065X.1000125 | |
| Copyright: © 2014 Vázquez M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | |
Abstract
Purpose: Cutaneous reactions can be associated with phenytoin administration. Such reactions can be explained by the formation of reactive species (arene oxide and quinones) capable of interacting covalently with cell macromolecules during phenytoin metabolism. Enzymes involved in reactive species detoxification are polimorphically expressed in humans. A genetic abnormality leading to a defective microsomal epoxidase hydrolase (main detoxification enzyme) activity could be one of the causes leading to this kind of adverse effect, but not the only one. The purpose of this study was to give a deeper insight into the main causes leading to skin reactions.
Methods: Cutaneous reactions experienced by some healthy volunteers enrolled in a pharmacokinetic study of phenytoin were analyzed in depth. The activity of the microsomal epoxidase enzyme was determined.
Results: Six out of twelve healthy volunteers receiving phenytoin in multiple doses exhibited rash. More female subjects or volunteers with a rapid input of the drug and/or a faster phenytoin metabolism or defective microsomal epoxidase hydrolase activity experienced these cutaneous reactions.
Conclusions: Arene oxide metabolite seems to be the responsible entity for cutaneous reactions. The genesis of this adverse effect after phenytoin administration is multifactorial revealing that other risks factors (not only the genetic one) such as being a woman in the fertile life period or under contraceptive therapy, or a rapid drug input and /or a faster phenytoin metabolism could lead to a higher formation rate of the arene oxide.
