Abstract

Single-cell analysis has revolutionized our ability to study developmental pathologies at an unprecedented resolution. The use of human organoids as models for disease has expanded the scope of biomedical research, offering insights into the intricate cellular processes that govern human development. This article explores the significance of single-cell analysis in understanding developmental pathologies by leveraging human organoids as a platform to model disease at the cellular level. We discuss how advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and other analytical techniques, such as single-cell proteomics and epigenetics, are being utilized to uncover disease mechanisms in organoid models. Special attention is given to various developmental disorders, including congenital malformations, neurodevelopmental diseases, and cancer, and how single-cell analysis has provided deeper insights into their pathogenesis. Finally, we examine the future potential of integrating single-cell technologies with organoid models for drug discovery, personalized medicine, and therapeutic interventions.