Abstract

Cancer continues to be a significant global health concern, necessitating comprehensive approaches to prevention, treatment, and survivorship. This review explores the intricate relationship between exercise and cancer, emphasizing its multifaceted impact on various stages of the cancer continuum. Drawing upon a diverse body of research, this analysis examines the role of exercise in reducing cancer risk, enhancing treatment efficacy, and improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.

The evidence unequivocally supports the notion that regular physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of developing several types of cancer. Mechanisms underlying this protective effect include modulation of inflammatory pathways, improved metabolic regulation, and enhanced immune function. Moreover, exercise complements traditional cancer treatments, enhancing their efficacy and mitigating treatment-related side effects. From improving tolerance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy to reducing fatigue and enhancing mental well-being, exercise emerges as an integral adjunctive therapy. The benefits of exercise extend to cancer survivors, contributing to enhanced physical and psychosocial well-being. Regular physical activity is associated with improved cardiovascular health, reduced risk of cancer recurrence, and amelioration of psychological distress. Furthermore, exercise interventions tailored to individual patient needs show promise in addressing specific post-treatment challenges.

However, despite the mounting evidence, there are notable barriers to the integration of exercise into standard cancer care. These include limited access to exercise facilities, clinician knowledge gaps, and patient-specific considerations. Strategies to overcome these barriers, such as targeted education, structured exercise programs, and multidisciplinary collaboration, are crucial in maximizing the potential benefits of exercise in the oncology setting. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of exercise in the prevention, treatment, and survivorship of cancer. By understanding and harnessing the profound impact of exercise on various facets of the cancer journey, healthcare providers, policymakers, and patients alike have an opportunity to enhance cancer outcomes and improve quality of life. Embracing exercise as an integral component of comprehensive cancer care represents a significant step towards a more holistic and patient-centered approach to oncology.