Abstract

X-ray crystallography is a fundamental technique used to determine the three-dimensional atomic structure of molecules. By analyzing the diffraction pattern of X-rays as they interact with crystallized molecules, X-ray crystallography provides critical insights into the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. This article provides an overview of the principles, methods, and applications of X-ray crystallography. It highlights its significance in fields such as structural biology, drug discovery, material science, and chemical synthesis. X-ray crystallography has revolutionized our understanding of molecular structures and continues to be a vital tool for advancing scientific knowledge and innovation. With on-going advancements in technology and data analysis techniques, X-ray crystallography is poised to uncover even more intricate details of molecular architectures, contributing to breakthroughs in various scientific disciplines.