Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a prevalent and serious complication in preterm infants, characterized by chronic lung disease and significant morbidity. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the risk factors and symptomatology associated with BPD in preterm infants, offering valuable insights into preventive and therapeutic approaches. We examine the multifactorial origins of BPD, including genetic predispositions, prenatal and postnatal environmental influences, and the impact of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. The clinical manifestations of BPD are discussed, highlighting the variability in symptom severity and the challenges in early diagnosis. Preventive strategies such as optimizing antenatal care, minimizing invasive respiratory support, and promoting the use of non-invasive ventilation and surfactant therapy are evaluated. Therapeutic approaches focusing on respiratory management, nutritional support, and pharmacological interventions are also explored. By synthesizing current research and clinical practices, this review aims to enhance understanding of BPD and improve outcomes for preterm infants at risk of developing this condition.